Artistic gymnastics

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Baseball

let´s play baseball.-

Objetives:
Students must learn the rules and routines to practise the game.
Baseball is a bat and ball sport played between two teams of nine players each. The goal of baseball is to score runs by hitting a thrown ball with a bat and touching a series of four markers called bases, placed at the corners of a ninety-foot Square, or DIAMOND. Players on one team take turns hitting against the pitcher in the other team.
The team with the most runs at the end of the game wins.

History.
An early form of baseball was played in England by the mid-eighteenth Century. This game was brought by British and Irish immigrants to North America, where the modern version of baseball developed. By the late nineteenth Century, baseball was widely recognized as the national sport of the United Stated. Baseball on the professional, amateur, and youth levels, is now popular in North America, parts of Central and South America and the Caribbean, and parts of East and Southeast Asia.

Rules and gameplay.-
The game is played between two teams, each composed of nine players, that take turn playing on offense (batting or hitting team) and defense (fielding or pitching team). A pair of turns, one at bat and one in the field, by each team constitutes an INNING; there are nine innings in a game. One team (the visiting team) bats in the first half of every inning; the other team (the home time) bats in the second half of every inning. The goal of a game is to score more points (runs) than the other team.
The game is played on a field where the primary boundaries, the foul lines, extend forward from home plate at 45- degree angles. The 90-degree area within the foul lines is referred to as fair territory; the 270-degree area outside them is foul territory.
There are three basics tools of baseball: the ball, the bat, and the glove.
At the beginning of each half-inning, the nine players on the field team arrange themselves around the field. One of them, the pitcher, stands on the pitcher´s mound. Another player, the catcher, squats on the far side of home plate, facing the pitcher.
Gameplay starts with a batter standing at home plate holding a bat. The batter waits for the pitcher to throw a pitch ( the ball) towards home plate, and attempts to hit the ball with the bat. The catcher catches pitches that the batter does not hit, and returns them to the pitcher. If the batter hits the ball into the field of play, he must drop the bat and begin running toward first base, at which point he is referred to as a runner. If the runner successfully reaches first base, he is said to be safe there and is now on base.

Rugby 3º ESO

LET´S PLAY RUGBY.-

HISTORY.-
Rugby was born in England in 1823, in the city of the Rugby. Some students were playing a football match (kicking the ball with their feet) and, suddenly, a student decided to take the ball with his hands and to run until the last line. His name was William Web.
At the beginning, “the football with the hands” was only practised in the “Rugby School” but, in a short period of time, this game was played in universities, especially in Scotland and the North of England.
In 1846, a group of students in the “Rugby School” wrote the first rules of rugby, that were adopted for other schools and universities.
This new sport was spread successfully in the English colonies such as South Africa and Australia.
In fact, the best rugby teams are in England, including Scotland, Wales, Ireland, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand.
In this way, the most famous rugby tournament is the RBS 6 NATIONS CHAMPIONSHIP, that is contested each season over seven weekends during February, March and sometimes, April and England, Ireland, Scotland, Wales, France and Italy take part in it.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE GAME.-

Rugby is played at a fast pace. All players in the field, must be able to tackle and defend, making each position both offensive and defensive in nature. There is no blocking of the opponents, and there are only five substitutions per game allowed for each time. A rugby match consists of two 40-minute halves. Finally, rugby is considered to be a gender equity sport as approximately 25% of all players in the United States are female.


PLAYERS AND POSITIONS.-

A rugby team has 15 players on the field of play. Each team is numbered the exact same way. The number of each player signifies that player´s position. Players numbered 1-8 are forwards, who are usually the largest, strongest players in the team whose main job is to win possession of the ball. Players numbered 9-15 are backs who tend to be the smallest, fastest and most agile players.


FIELD OF PLAY.-

Rugby is played on a field, called a pitch, that is longer and wider than a football field, more like a soccer field. A typical pitch is 100 meters (110 yards) long 70 meters (75 yards) wide. Additionally, there are 10- 22 meters end zones, called the in-goal area, behind the goalposts. The goalposts are H-shaped cross bars located on the goal line and are the same size as American football goalposts.


MOVING THE BALL.-

Rugby is started with a kickoff to the opponent from mid-field.
There are several ways to move the ball. Any player may carry, pass or kick the ball. Play is not stopped and continues when the ball hits the ground or when a player is tackled.

Running: when running the ball, players may continue to run until they are tackled, step out of bounds or run beyond the goal line. Players run the ball to advance toward the opponent´s goal line.
Passing: the ball may be passed to any other player. However, it may only be passed laterally or backward, never forward.
Kicking: any player may kick the ball forward at any time. Players typically kick the ball to advance it or to the opposing team to obtain relief from poor field position.


SCORING.-

There are four ways for a team to score points.
TRY: five points are awarded to a team for touching the ball down in the other team´s in-goal area.

CONVERSION: following a try, two points are awarded for a successful kick through the goalposts. The attempt is taken on a line, at least ten meters, straight out from the point where the ball was touched down.

PENALTY KICK: following a major law violation, the kicking team, if in range, has the option to “ kick for points”. Three points are awarded for a successful penalty kick. The kick must be from the point of the foul or anywhere on a line straight behind that point. The ball can be played in the kick fails.

DROP GOAL: Three points are awarded for successful drop kick. A drop kick may be taken from anywhere on the field at any time during the play.


RESTARTING PLAY.-


LINE-OUT: If the ball goes out of bounds, it is restarted with a line out. Both teams form a line perpendicular to the touchline and 1-meter (3 feet) apart from one another. A player of the other team throws the ball in the air in a straight line between the two lines.

SCRUM: It is used to restart the game after the referee has whistled a minor law violation. A bound group of players from each team form a “ tunnel “ with the opposition. The non-offending team puts the ball into the tunnel by rolling it into the middle and each team pushes forward until one player is able to hook the ball with the feet and push it to the back row players of his/her team.


TACKLES.-

Players in possession of and carrying the ball may be stopped by being tackled by the opposing team. Players are tackled around the waist and legs and, in general, may not be tackled higher. Once a player

is tackled, however, play does not stop. The player must release the ball and roll away from it to allow other players on their feet play the ball.

VOCABULARY.-
-to tackle: placar
-gender equity: igualdad de género
-kickoff: saque inicial
-relief: alivio, desahogo
- to release: liberar, escapar
-to hook: enganchar


ASK THE QUESTION:

1.-How many players are there in each team?_______________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________


2.-What ways are there to move the ball? _________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

3.- Write with your own words the description of the game ( write at least, 60 words.) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4.- The name of the student who invented this sport is____________________________. In a short period of time, the game was played_______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
The most famous rugby tournament is_____________________________________________________
and the countries that take part in it are____________________________________________________

Volleyball 3º ESO

Let´s play volleyball.

The court:

The game is placed on a volleyball court 18 metres long and 9 metres wide, divided into two 9x9 m² halves. There is a line 3 metres from and parallel to the net in each team court which is considered the “attack line”. This 3 metre line divides the court into “back court” and “front court”.
The area 1 is the position of the SERVING PLAYER. After a team gains the serve, its members must rotate in a CLOCKWISE DIRECTION, with the player previously in area 2 moving to area 1 and so on, with the player from area 1 moving to area 6.

Game play:

Each team consists of six players. To get play started, a team is chosen to serve by COIN TOSS.
The SERVER throws the ball into the air and tries to hit the ball so it passes over the net and lands in the opposing team`s court. Many types of serves are employed, but the serves that we use do are the UNDERHAND SERVE and THE OVERHAND SERVE .Underhand serve is considered very easy to receive and is rarely employed in high- level competitions.

The opposing team must use a combination of no more than three contacts to the ball (one, two or three) to return the ball to the opponent`s side of the net.
These contacts usually consist of:
PASS OR BUMP, SET, ATTACK, BLOCK AND DIG.

First, the BUMP or PASS made by the PASSER or BUMPER(usually a pass with the arms together).

Second, the SET made by the SETTER (usually an over-hand pass using wrists to push finger-tips at the ball) so that the ball´s trajectory is aimed towards a spot where one of the players can hit it the attacker).

Third, the ATTACK made by the ATTACKER (jumping, raising one arm above the head and hitting the ball towards the ground of the opponent´s court).

The team with possession of the ball that is trying to attack the ball is on OFFENSE. The team on DEFENSE attempts to prevent the attacker from directing the ball into their court: players at the net jump and reach above the top of the net in order to block the attacked ball.

BLOCKING refers to the action taken by players standing at the net to stop or alter an opponent´s attack.

DIGGING is the ability to prevent the ball from touching one´s court after a spike or attack, particularly a ball that is nearly touching the ground. In many aspects, this skills is similar to passing or bumping: overhand dig and bump are also used to distinguish between defensive actions taken with fingertips or with joined arms.


Errors and faults.

-The ball lands out of the court.
-The ball is touched more than three times.
-The same player touches the ball twice in succession.
-The libero, a defensive player who can only play in the back row, tries a block or an attacking hit.
-A player is not in the correct position at the moment of serve, or serves out of turn.
-At the moment of serve, one or more players jump, raise their arms or stand together at the net, trying to block the ball.

Scoring.
When the ball contacts the floor within the court boundaries or an error is made, the team that did not make the error is awarded a point, whether they served the ball or not. The team that won the point serves for the next point. If the team that won the point served in the previous point, the same player serves again. If the team that won the point did not serve the previous point, the players of this team rotate their position on the court in a clockwise direction ( picture 1).
The game continues with the first team to score 25 points (and be two points ahead), awarding the set. Matches are best of five sets and the fifth set( if necessary) is usually played to 15 points.

Volleyball in the Olympics.
The history of Olympic volleyball traces back to the 1924 SUMMER OLYMPICS in Paris, where volleyball was played as part of and American sports demonstration event. The sport was officially included in the program for the 1964 SUMMER OLYMPICS.
Since 1996, both men´s and women´s events count twelve participant nations. Each of the five continental volleyball confederations has, at least, one affiliated national federation involved in the Olympics Games.
ASK THE QUESTIONS:
-When do the players rotate their position?
-When does a match finish?
-true or false: ---the same player can touch the ball twice in succession.
---the libero is a setter.
---the players have to be in the correct position at the moment of the serve.
---The sport was officially included in the program for the 1946 Summer Olympics.